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Sejarah Permukiman di Surabaya, 1930-1960
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 

 

  

 		 Seminar Institut Teknologi Surabaya, Laboratorium for Housing and Human Settlements, 29 April 2003

Freek Colombijn

KITLV / Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asians and Carribean Studies

P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

Telp. + 312-71-527372, Fax+ 312-71-527638

email : colombijn@kitlv.nl

 
Summary of Research Project

This research project consist of the study of urban change in a number of selected Indonesian cities for the period 1930-1960. The project focuses on the struggle for dominance between different groups. These groups were defined by the then current ethnic and social boundaries. the competition between these groups focused on the control of urban space, access to utilities and facilities. the groups also struggled to claim symbolical hegemony of the city. The research is restricted to housing, because housing is an essential need, which shows all tension in society. The central research question is: How did the delivery of housing in Indonesia change between 1930 and 1960? And to what extent can the sociopolitical changes, taking place from the colonial period to the period of the Republic Indonesia, explain the changing housing delivery system?

Contents of presentation

  • Urbanization and the struggle for urban space

  • Demographic pressure

  • Urban space and ethnicity (primordial view (Clifford Geertz) vs. constructivist view (Fredrik Barth)

  • The "housing delivery system" concept

  • Housing (late colonial period, zaman Jepang, Indonesian Revolution, Orde Lama)

  • Planning (N.V. Volkshuisvesting; Indo-Europees Verbond; Thomas Karsten)

  • Urban land rights

  • Utilities

  • Street trade

  • Urban symbols of power (statues, prayerhouses, banks, etc.)

 

Types of houses in Surabaya (1930)

  Number of houses brick wood & tiles wood & atap total Inhabitants/ house
Pribumi 101,633 8.2 54.5 33.6 100 4.9
Asians 8,591 64.5 28.5 0.9 100 5.2
Europeans 6,014 90.8 4.0 0.3 100 4.3

Source : Volkstelling 1930 (published in several volumes)

 

Sources :

  • Arsip Kotamadya Surabaya

  • Arsip Propinsi Jawa Timur.

  • Perpustakaan UNAIR, Perpustakaan ITS, Perpustakaan Propinsi

  • Perpustakaan Pribadi

  • Bappeko, Dinas Tata Kota

  • Pengadilan Negeri

  • Observation and casual interviews on the street

  • Interview with real estate developers, urban planners, architects, tokoh masyarakat

Topic to be studied:

High priority :

Demographic data on city level between cencuses of 1930 and 1961; city master plans; housing policies of political parties (such as Indo-Europees Verbond, PNI, PKI); maps after 1942; confiscation of houses; subdivision of houses; land right; squatters; kampung improvement programs; all information on Japanese period; operation of the market for housing (intermediaries?); concentration of ownership of land in a few hands; concentration of ownership of houses in a few hands; real estate developers.

Medium Priority :

Ethnic residential segregation; segregation based on social class; housing regulations (more on rights of occupancy than technical details); statues; street names; waterworks (finance of waterworks, selection of which ward will be served first); other utilities; NV Volkshuisvesting; purchase of houses as a kind of pension; costs of housing (purchase, rent); fire insurance; sign boards.